History and Cultivation of Parma Violets (Viola, Violaceae) in the United Kingdom and France in the Nineteenth Century
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Abstract
Abstract. Scented cultivars of Parma violets were among the most important urban plants during the nineteenth
century, with many references in literature, fashion, art and flower trade. Our research analyzed data related
to Parma violets in France and in the United Kingdom and presents the cultivars introduced during the
nineteenth century.
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Citation
Mendonça de Carvalho, Luís; Fernandes, Francisca Maria; Nunes, Maria de Fátima; Brigola, João; Casbas, N.; Groves, C. (2013) History and Cultivation of Parma Violets (Viola, Violaceae) in the United Kingdom and France in the Nineteenth Century. Harvard Papers in Botany 18 (2): 137-145. [acessivel on line : http://www.huh.harvard.edu/publications/]