O Papel da Observação na Compreensão da Natureza do Conhecimento Científico: Uma Proposta Didática Baseada nas Reações de Combustão

Abstract

In order to abandon the traditional idea that the observation is objective and that, due to the objectivity of empirical facts is possible to establish a correspondence with reality and truth looking through a problematic experimental situation, centered on a context of the History of Science, creating an appropriate teaching-learning sequence for understanding the relationship of observation with the theory that interprets it. The results obtained during the Ibero-American Project of Evaluation of Attitudes Related to Science, Technology and Society, by applying the "Cuestionario de Opiniones sobre Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad" showed that the idea that students have on the Nature of Science and Technology and on the relationship between observation and theory is not the most appropriate. The Teaching-Learning Sequence proposal is based on the realization of an experimental activity and discussion of results, relating them to the analysis and debate of two texts on the phlogiston theory and on the oxygen theory. The Teaching-Learning Sequence proposal is based on the realization of a problematic experimental activity and discussion of their results, relating them to the analysis and debate of two texts on the phlogiston theory and the oxygen theory.