Lampreys of the Iberian Peninsula: distribution, population status and conservation

Abstract

The 3 lamprey species, sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus L., European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis L. and European brook lamprey L. planeri Bloch, that inhabit the Iberian Peninsula are of conservation concern. They are considered either Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, and even Extinct in different regions of this area mainly due to habitat loss and population fragmentation. Although several other factors contribute to the decline of lamprey populations in Iberian rivers, obstacles to migration (dams and weirs) are probably the most widespread and significant, causing an estimated 80% loss of accessible habitat in most river basins. We analysed historical records from all main Iberian rivers before the construction of impassable dams became widespread, and found that lampreys were consistently present in the upper reaches. The un - blocking of the lower stretches of major river basins and the restoration of former spawning sites and larval habitats should be considered as priority measures for the conservation of these species. Identification of Special Areas of Conservation to be included in the Natura 2000 European network can also be very relevant for lamprey conservation.