Valorisation du patrimoine des peuples autochtones du Congo Brazzaville : proposition d’un centre d’interprétation pour la promotion des traditions orales de l’ethnie Aka

Abstract

Ce mémoire est une contribution à la valorisation des traditions orales du peuple autochtone Aka du Congo Brazzaville. Ce peuple « minoritaire », possède une tradition culturelle orale riche et diversifiée, caractérisée par les savoirs ancestraux, les danses, les chants etc… Mais, de nos jours leur patrimoine immatériel est en train de disparaitre à cause des violations des droits de l’Homme, de l’absence d’une politique culturelle, du manque des structures culturelles et par des effets néfastes de la déforestation. Ce présent travail, propose donc l’implantation d’un centre d’interprétation sur le territoire Aka, pour assurer la préservation, la promotion et la transmission de cette culture aux publics cibles et aux générations futures. Cela permettra de perpétuer cette culture qui est susceptible de contribuer au développement du tourisme culturel responsable dans la localité Aka. Dans ce travail, il sera aussi question de mener une réflexion sur la protection des forêts tropicales du Bassin du Congo qui sont importante pour le mode de vie du peuple Aka. Le peuple Aka appelle ce territoire de vie « Ndima », qui signifie forêt en langue aka; Abstract This thesis is a contribution to the valorization of the oral traditions of the indigenous Aka people of Congo Brazzaville. This "minority" people has a rich and diversified oral cultural tradition, characterized by ancestral knowledge, dances, songs, etc. But nowadays their intangible heritage is disappearing because of human rights violations, the absence of a cultural policy, the lack of cultural structures and by the harmful effects of deforestation. This work proposes the establishment of an interpretation center in the Aka territory to ensure the preservation, promotion and transmission of this culture to the target audience and future generations. This will allow the perpetuation of this culture which is likely to contribute to the development of responsible cultural tourism in the Aka locality. In this work, it will also be a question of carrying out a reflection on the protection of the tropical forests of the Congo Basin which are important for the way of life of the Aka people; Resumo: Abstract This thesis is a contribution to the valorization of the oral traditions of the indigenous Aka people of Congo Brazzaville. This "minority" people has a rich and diversified oral cultural tradition, characterized by ancestral knowledge, dances, songs, etc. But nowadays their intangible heritage is disappearing because of human rights violations, the absence of a cultural policy, the lack of cultural structures and by the harmful effects of deforestation. This work proposes the establishment of an interpretation center in the Aka territory to ensure the preservation, promotion and transmission of this culture to the target audience and future generations. This will allow the perpetuation of this culture which is likely to contribute to the development of responsible cultural tourism in the Aka locality. In this work, it will also be a question of carrying out a reflection on the protection of the tropical forests of the Congo Basin which are important for the way of life of the Aka people - Esta tese é uma contribuição para a valorização das tradições orais do povo indígena Aka do Congo Brazzaville. Este povo "minoritário" tem uma tradição cultural oral rica e diversificada, caracterizada por conhecimentos ancestrais, danças, canções, etc. Mas hoje em dia o seu património imaterial está a desaparecer devido às violações dos direitos humanos, à ausência de uma política cultural, à falta de estruturas culturais e aos efeitos nocivos da desflorestação. O presente trabalho propõe assim a criação de um centro de interpretação no território Aka, para assegurar a preservação, promoção e transmissão desta cultura ao público alvo e às gerações futuras. Isto permitirá a perpetuação desta cultura que é susceptível de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um turismo cultural responsável na localidade Aka. Neste trabalho, será também uma questão de realizar uma reflexão sobre a protecção das florestas tropicais da Bacia do Congo que são importantes para o modo de vida do povo Aka.