Muscle fatty acid profiles of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, L.) indicate the use of fast metabolized energy during ontogenesis

Abstract

A comprehensive characterization of muscle´s FA composition of sea lamprey ammocoetes and adults was performed to test the hypothesis that larvae and early spawning migrants have a similar FA profile prior to metamorphosis and to spawning migration. Subsequently, the role played by FA signature in these two highly demanding stages of life cycle was inferred. The results confirm that muscle represents an important fat reservoir and the FA trophic markers revealed the importance of bacteria as sources of iso and anteiso FA and the strong trophic representation of benthic phytoplankton (diatoms) to larvae muscle FA profile. In early spawning migrants the significance of marine food web to FA muscle profile is highlighted by the presence of FA signatures characteristics of herbivorous calanoid copepods. Although both life cycle phases studied do not share the same muscle FA signature, there is a part of the profile that is common, which is characterized by FA used in -oxidation such as C18:1ω9 but also by medium chain FA and PUFA which points that PUFA are spared as fuel to -oxidation process and probably used to the development of tissues membranes (ammocoetes) and gonadal development, and eicosanoid production among others (early spawning migrants). Further studies on FA profile are necessary to elucidate the FA role either during different life stages (ontogeny) or in the distinct habitats frequented (freshwater versus marine) by this diadromous species.