Components of Care Models that Influence Functionality in People Over 65 in the Context of Long-Term Care: Integrative Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: We verified the existence of a greater number of people over 65 years of age, with associated multimorbidity and in need of care. Cares that in previous times were provided by the extended family, at home. Nowadays, with the need for women to enter the labor market and the transition to nuclear families, this assistance becomes complicated, which is why institutionalization has been increasingly used.

Institutionalization, in turn, often leads to the breakdown of social relationships among the elderly and, consecutively, to the loss of their own identity.

Objective: To identify the components of care models that influence functionality in the context of long-term care.

Methodology: Integrative Review of the Literature, for which research was done at EBSCO selecting the databases Cinahl, Medline.

Results: We selected 10 articles from which resulted, two systematic reviews of the literature; two cross-sectional studies; Two Descriptive Studies; a cross-sectional cohort study; a randomized controlled trial and an Opinion Article.

Conclusions: Identify essentially three models of care, being a model focused on self-care with a major focus on the person with impaired functionality, the chronic disease management model, more associated with the elderly with comorbidities, but with the ability to develop their daily living activities and the economic model in order to develop the improvement of the economic model of the health system itself. Among these various components, we can find both process and outcome indicators that first influence the quality of care itself and the functionality of people in the context of long-term care.

Implication in Professional Practice: With the applicability of these components, comes the permission to apply and structure care models and as a thread of all care process, such as the structuring of individual care plans, involving the patient himself., and abolishing the current working method that currently focuses much on the task method.