Seismic and structural geology constraints to the selection of CO2 storage sites—The case of the onshore Lusitanian basin, Portugal

Abstract

The Lusitanian sedimentary basin, in Portugal, has a complex tectonic history and a seismic activity determined by its proximity to the Eurasian–Nubian tectonic plate boundary. Seismic activity and geological structure impose serious constraints to the selection of CO2 storage sites. This article focuses on the constraints imposed by active seismicity, geological structure and, as a direct consequence of the latter, by the hydrogeology and geothermal framework on the identification of onshore CO2 storage sites in deep saline aquifers of the Lusitanian basin (central and north sectors).

Several active faults and areas of higher seismic hazard have been defined, favouring the selection of storage sites in the northern part of the basin. The halokinetic tectonics, responsible for emplacement of salt domes, constrains the regional groundwater flow system, and suggests that it is unreasonable to consider post-salt reservoirs. In most of the Lusitanian basin the pre-salt Silves Formation is the only reservoir worth considering. Four areas have been selected where the reservoir is at adequate depth, but given the other criteria for site selection, the area designated as S. Mamede is the most interesting one for CO2 injection.