Mediterranean Grasslands as CO2 Sinks: Research and Teaching on Their Diversity

Abstract

Mediterranean areas can be considered hotspots in terms of biodiversity, which is why it is essential to research and teach about them. This diversity results from the confluence of several factors: geographical, climatic, edaphic, and historical. It is the adaptation of species to these factors that drives this rich diversity, making ecological, phytosociological, and productive knowledge crucial for sustainable development (SD). The conservation and management of these areas are vital due to their ability to act as carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks, mitigate climate change, prevent erosion, and support a sustainable productive economy. This can be achieved through the responsible use of grassland communities, which serve as excellent climatic and edaphic indicators. The edaphic indicators, in particular, are essential for quickly diagnosing soil nutrient status and, consequently, ensuring the appropriate use of fertilizers. Mediterranean pastures are the foundation of ecosystem management and should be used for extensive livestock farming throughout the Mediterranean basin. Livestock farming can vary, as there is a correlation between the type of pasture and the type of livestock. Therefore, the defense of Mediterranean grasslands is justified by the valuable ecosystem services they provide, including their role as CO2 sinks, vegetation cover to prevent erosion, and feed for livestock.