Unlocking rhizospheric bacteria secondary metabolism: genome analysis for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds

Abstract

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic agents has raised awareness among society and nowadays is a recognized threat to public health. This problem is aggravated due to the misuse of current antibiotics and the lack of novel antimicrobial compounds1. Soil microorganisms are a potential source of new antibiotics and, thanks to the study of their genomes, we can guide the search for undescribed antimicrobial compounds2,3. We have isolated two bacterial strains from a rhizospheric soil, belonging to the genera Brevibacillus and Streptomyces, which were revealed as antimicrobial agents, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi with different profiles of antimicrobial resistance. We sequenced the genome of these strains using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The gene calling and genome annotation were done through the RAST tool (v2.0)4. antiSMASH (v5.1)5 was used to annotate in depth those genes related to the secondary metabolism of both strains. Genome analyses showed diverse antimicrobial potential encoded within these 2 genomes. In sum, 61 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related with the secondary metabolism were annotated, of which 16 correspond to the Brevibacillus strain and 45 to the Streptomyces strain. The most abundant BGCs were non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), terpenes and siderophores. Interestingly, some of these BGCs showed no similarity to any of the already described ones involved in the production of antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, the genetic machinery encoded in both genomes might provide us the basis for the discovery of novel antibiotics against multidrug resistance pathogens.