Villagers’ perceptions of tourism activities in Iona National Park: Locality as key factor in planning for sustainability

Abstract

Local people’s perception of nature-based tourism evolution and consequent impacts on their well-being is crucial to promote ecotourism and achieve sustainable development. This study focused on indigenous populations’ attitudes concerning tourism activities taking place in the Iona National Park, located in the Namibe Province of Angola, where ecotourism is considered an anchor product and is expected to become an economic driver of major importance. To obtain information useful to change tourism management in order to increase rural communities’ well-being, we conducted a survey addressing local people’s perceptions about four main topics: perception of the presence of visitors and of their activities; present and prospective positive and negative effects of the Park; government policies that should be developed in a near future. The research shows that most respondents’ perceptions strongly vary according to locality. The level of urbanization and the distance to core areas of touristic activities appear to be the main factors driving the villagers’ perception polarization. Thus, conflicting interests between nature conservation and local populations’ well-being should be for the most part addressed and managed according to localities profile, with some exceptions like ensuring all the populations the access to pastoral lands.