PRODUCTION OF WASTES IN A SMALL COUNTRY: PORTUGAL CASE STUDY

Abstract

This research delves into the landscape of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) production and management in Portugal, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of waste generation, disposal, and recovery. The universal challenge of MSW management is accentuated, considering its substantial impact on the environment and the economy. In 2021, MSW comprised 28% of the total waste produced in mainland Portugal, emphasizing its prominence in the waste stream. Notably, a commendable 84.1% of MSW consistently undergoes recovery processes, reflecting Portugal's commitment to sustainable waste management practices.Regarding biomass wastes, the study explores the diverse origins of biomass, ranging from forestry residues to agricultural and agro-food industry waste. Despite biomass's potential to bolster the energy sector and secondary industries, challenges such as unfavorable political and economic contexts and inconsistent removal practices hinder its widespread utilization in Portugal. The estimated annual availability of approximately 6.5 million tons of biomass waste underscores the country's significant potential as a biomass resource. The comprehensive breakdown of biomass quantities by region provides valuable insights into the spatial distribution of residual biomass, further informing potential applications and highlighting Portugal's rich resource landscape. As the nation grapples with the challenges of waste management, the findings underscore the importance of continued policy development, knowledge dissemination, and infrastructure enhancement to unlock the full potential of waste resources, contributing to a more sustainable and resource-efficient future. This research serves as a vital foundation for informed decision-making in waste management policies and practices in Portugal.