IMMUNOCASTRATION OF FATTY PIG BOARS – BALANCING ANIMAL WELFARE AND PRODUCTIVE EXPECTATIONS

Abstract

Immunocastration (IMC) of pigs became possible with the development of a conjugated Gonadotropin releasing factor analogue solution in Australia, at the end of the 20th century. This solution was approved for use in the European Union in 2009, with a recommended protocol for males of modern genotypes raised in intensive production systems. Despite the elapsed time and pressure to end physical castration, IMC is still seldom used in intensive production, with the exception of some countries (e.g. Belgium). In local pig breeds production systems, animals are usually slaughtered at advanced ages and high weights, requiring, therefore, sexual neutralization to avoid “boar taint” compounds in their fat, meat, and processed products. These animals are also frequently raised in outdoor conditions, leading to unique challenges regarding animal handling and their interaction with wildlife species. However, the commercial use of IMC in these systems is not known and scientific knowledge on the effects of IMC on the productive and quality traits of animals and products is limited. This work aims to present and overview of the main effects of IMC on the reproductive tract, performance, carcass and meat and quality of local breed fatty pigs, based on past and current studies. The goal is to better understand the implications of using this technique in these breeds and systems. Additionally, we aim to discuss existing and potential constrains for the use of IMC in fatty pig production, including its acceptance by farmers, the industry, and pork product consumers.