Interaction between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and rhizobia on the growth of subclover under Mn toxicity: The role of Extraradical Mycelium.

Abstract

When Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) colonization started from an intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) its bioprotective effect on subclover was enhanced in comparison with other sources of inoculum. The presence in the soil of an intact ERM, developed previously on mycotrophic plants tolerant to Mn toxicity, resulted in the earlier colonization of subclover, reduced Mn concentration in the roots, improved development and activity of root nodules, and enhanced N acquisition.