Renal biomarkers in companion animals - a review

Abstract

Simple Summary: Recent advancements in molecular biology have identified potential biomarkers for diagnosing kidney diseases. They may improve the specificity and sensitiv- ity of diagnoses, allowing early detection and intervention. This review discusses studies on urine and blood biomarkers, highlighting their importance in various clinical settings. Ongoing research is necessary to integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice for early diagnosis, intervention guidance, and the monitoring of disease progression.