Game Theoretical Aspects Towards a Sustainable Path to Fight Climate Change

Abstract

We provide a new form of re-globalization tackling the aspects of climate change by addressing it through a theoretical approach rooted in game theory. A first holistic game of Berlin—between the individual and the group—is presented, grounded in Isaiah Berlin’s (Berlin (1961)) concepts of negative and positive liberty. Next, we generalize a non-cooperative game of climate change. Building on an evolutionary game theory approach (Caleiro et al., 2019), we propose a novel framework. We then explore cooperative games and introduce the notion of Kantian equilibrium as developed by Roemer (2019). Finally, we discuss the intertemporal politicaleconomic approach to climate change in the context of an overlapping generations (OLG) model, as in Rocha de Sousa and Pica (2023). We conclude with conjectures on global climate governance, drawing from simulations of global ecological footprints (Araújo et al., 2025).