PAIN MANAGEMENT IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS: TRANSLATING RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE INTO PRACTICE.

Abstract

Introduction: There is a consensus that a revolution in knowledge of neonate pain management has occurred, an increasing volume of scientific evidence to support the assessment and clinical guidelines. There are also different studies that indicate a gap between what is known and what occurs in practice. The goal of this study was known the models that contribute for applicability of the Evidence-Based Practice and explored the link between the evidence and the neonatal pain management. Methods: A literature review including studies about factors influencing use of research in practice and presentation of models for the integration of evidence-based practice. Results: Individual determinants, educational programs, promoting network and dissemination of evidence-based practice findings are important to increase professional care involvement. While we have growing evidence base, knowledge does not appear to be efficiently translated into practice, one reason may be that the implementation of evidence into practice is not from researcher to practitioner. Practice defined by regulatory, accreditation agencies, and professional standards if regulated by audits have more efficacy. Strategies involving interaction between healthcare professionals are consistent. Social learning theory contributes to theoretical understanding of pain, but also provides insight into the mechanisms of effective treatment. The positive organizational factors and innovation are determinant for research use. A comprehensive knowledge base and familiarity with advanced research related to pain management are paramount, to help the clinician and nurses who care neonates in the neonatal intensive care units. Conclusion: Effective knowledge translation strategies are required to advance the field and improve clinical outcomes. The role of the context is a potent mediator of the implementation of evidence into practice. There is a clear evidence of inter-correlations among factors that may influence research utilization. Organizational context is a central influence on the effective use of clinically relevant evidence by healthcare professionals in neonatal pain management.