The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults.

Abstract

Physical exercise (PE) plays a vital role in promoting health, quality of life (QoL), and well-being in older adults. It helps prevent chronic diseases, improves strength, balance, and cognitive function, and reduces fall risk. Enjoyment and psychological engagement are also essential for long-term adherence. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aimed to examine the effects of a 24-week structured sensorimotor training program on physical activity (PA) levels, body composition, quality of life, and enjoyment in older adults. A total of 124 participants (65-80 years old) were allocated to an experimental group (EG, n = 46) or control group (CG, n = 78). The EG engaged in a 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program, while the CG maintained their usual lifestyle. PA levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF); enjoyment of PA was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES); and QoL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body composition, PA, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups showed small reductions in body composition measures. The only statistically significant difference was observed in walking activity (minutes per week), with p = 0.022 and partial eta squared (Pη²) = 0.148, favoring the EG. No significant differences were found for overall PA levels, PACES scores, or SF-36 dimensions. Effect sizes for other outcomes ranged from Pη² = 0.001 to 0.148, with p values ranging from 0.022 to 0.78. While the sensorimotor training program was associated with improved walking activity, no significant differences were found for other measured outcomes. The results suggest that moderate PA programs may yield selective benefits in older adults. Further research with longer follow-up and enhanced focus on motivational and psychosocial components is recommended.