Homogeneous and heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis with Bis (Oxazoline), Mono (Oxazoline) and diphosphine ligands

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Universidade de Évora

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Neste projecto de doutoramento teve-se como objectivo estudar ligandos mono­oxazolinas, bis-oxazolinas e difofinas em reacções catalíticas assimétricas nas fases homogéneas e heterogéneas. Uma pequena biblioteca de sete mono-oxazolinas foi sintetizada e usada em ciclopropanações catalíticas assimétricas (CPCA) combinatórias. Os homo- e heterocomplexos formados com estes ligandos e cobre (I) foram alvo de estudos cinéticos, espectroscópia de RMN e computacionais, os quais indicaram que o heterocomplexo di-coordenado é o mais estável. Arylid-BOXs com orto substituintes foram sintetizadas e usadas em CPCA usando Cu(I) e Ru(II) como pré-catalisadores e realizadas com solventes orgânicos e sistemas bifásicos. Estudos computacionais dos metalocarbenos das Arylid-BOX reforçaram o mecanismo concertado na CPCA. Os catalisadores Cu(I)-Arylid-BOX foram imobilizados em montmorilonite K10 e silica através ligações não-covalentes e testados em CPCA, os resultados revelaram bastante líxiviação do metal. Um ligando derivado da Arylid-BOX foi ligado a uma resina polimérica, e usado em CPCA com Cu(I) e Cu(II). Os resultados revelaram-se semelhantes as CPCA na fase homogénea. Por fim, o ligando PYRPHOS foi imobilizado no polímero polivinilalcool (PVA), e usado em hidroformilações catalíticas assimétricas catalisadas por Rh. ____ ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was the study of mono(oxazolines), bis(oxazolines) and diphosphines in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions in the both homo- and heterogeneous phase. A small library of seven mono(oxazoline) ligands, was synthesized and evaluated in a combinatorial homogeneous catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction (CACP). The kinetics, NMR spectroscopic and computational studies of the homo- and heterocomplexes revealed that the most stable in solution was the di-coordinated heterocomplex. The synthesis of two ortho-substituted-Arylid-BOX ligands is described, which were evaluated in the CACP using Cu(I) and Ru(II) in organic solvents and biphasic media. The electrophilicity of the Arylid-BOX metallocarbenes was calculated using the Fukui Function. The Arylid-BOXs were immobilized on Montmorillonite K10 and on silica via non-covalent bonding and tested in the same reaction. The synthesis of a polymer supported Arylid-BOX-derivative, and its application in the CACP with copper (I). Good yields, enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities were obtained. Moreover, the polymer-bound catalyst could be easily and efficiently recycled. Finally, the synthesis of supported PYRPHOS ligand on polyvinlyalcohol (PVA) and it's use in the catalytic asymmetric hydroformylation was studied.

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